There are several career development theories that explain why a person chooses a particular job or career for their income. Each theory is unique in its perspective and offers interesting viewpoints to back up its rationale. Employment counselors can assist their clients in finding the best career by using one or more of these career development theories.
Career Development Theory
1. Trait Theory – This theory from the 1900s surmises that every individual has special interests, abilities, values and personalities. By matching a person’s traits with a potential career, that individual should attain work satisfaction as well as handle the intricacies of that particular career.
2. Developmental Theory – This career development theory states that people look for careers that help them understand who they are. As a person matures, so will his particular interest and career focus. For instance, during different stages of one’s life, an individual may be exploring careers, refining their skills, maintaining their position or preparing to retire.
3. Holland’s Career Typology – In 1959, John Holland developed another career theory based on six environmental and personality categories. For instance, a personality category could be conventional, enterprising, realistic, artistic, investigative or social. For work environments, John Holland believed that people want to have a career where they can use their skills or express their values.
4. Social Cognitive Career Theory – This career development theory adds to other theories and gained popularity in the 1990s. Social cognitive career theory states that people look for careers where they can accomplish something worthwhile. Moreover, people will feel successful in their career path when they achieve expected results and can reach their personal goals.
All these career development theories offer valuable insight into why someone picks a certain career and is happy in their work. Ever since the 19th century, researchers have been intrigued with the reasons behind a person’s career choice. Even with these differing theories, each explanation provides a unique perspective in career development theory.
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